The development of computers has pushed scientific computing to become an indispensable part of many technologies and industries, such as in assessing climate change [2], designing new energy conductors [3], and imposes an ever-widening effect on better predicting and understanding the
phenomena of nature and engineered systems.

Extending Moore’s law by augmenting complementary-metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistors with emerging nanotechnologies (X) has become increasingly important. Accelerating Monte Carlo algorithms that rely on random sampling with such CMOS+X technologies could have signi€cant impact on a large number of €elds from probabilistic ........

When can we uniquely map the dynamic evolution of a classical density to a timedependent potential? In equilibrium, without time dependence, the one-body density uniquely specifies the external potential that is applied to the system.

Although quantum mechanics underpins the microscopic behaviour of all materials, its effects are often obscured at the macroscopic level by thermal fluctuations.